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排序方式: 共有117条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
Volatile organic compounds produced during the aerobic biological processing of municipal solid waste in a pilot plant 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Pierucci P Porazzi E Martinez MP Adani F Carati C Rubino FM Colombi A Calcaterra E Benfenati E 《Chemosphere》2005,59(3):423-430
The volatile organic carbon (VOC) and odours emitted during the aerobic biological processing of municipal solid waste (MSW) was studied in a pilot-scale reactor. VOCs were detected by different techniques on solid waste samples and the outlet air stream, before and after a biofilter. Organic compounds (alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene, D-limonene) were also measured in condensate water and leachate from the process. Results showed uniformity in the composition of the air in the solid waste samples, air sampled during the process and condensed water, indicating a matrix-derived origin of these compounds. Leachates, however, contained substances with a quite different molecular structure from the compounds identified in the gaseous fraction. Most of the substances in the gaseous effluent had a hydrocarbon-like structure, mainly terpenoids. The odour produced and detected through olfactometry agreed with GC-MS analyses. This was true above all for terpenes. 相似文献
92.
Silvia Canepari Enrico Cardarelli Cinzia Perrino Maria Catrambone Adriana Pietrodangelo Marco Strincone 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):7908-7923
A two-stage micro-analytical scheme for the determination of metals and ions in atmospheric particulate matter collected on only one Teflon filter was developed. In the first stage the collected particles are chemically fractionated for their solubility in a pH-buffered extracting solution; in the second stage the residue is mineralised. The major non-volatile inorganic ions (Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+) are determined in the first fraction by ion-chromatography (IC), while metals and metalloids (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Ti, V, Zn) are determined in both the acetate extractable and the mineralised residual fractions by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).The procedure was applied to ambient 24-h PM10 samples collected on Teflon filters during two field campaigns carried out at two sites in the area of Rome (Italy). The variations in the chemical composition of the collected particles during the two periods were interpreted in the light of the dilution properties of the lower atmosphere and of the back-trajectories of the air masses. The difference in the results between the two locations was interpreted in the light of their proximity to the emission sources. It was found that the acetate extractable and the mineralised residual fraction of some metals exhibit a different temporal pattern, suggesting the existence of different emission sources of the two fractions. 相似文献
93.
Bussotti F Gerosa G Cenni E Cozzi A Ferretti M Bettini D Nibbi R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,85(3):221-238
This study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the Italian Level I network between 1997 and 2000. Prior to this period no Quality Assurance procedures had been implemented, so that earlier findings cannot be considered reliable. The aim of the study is to compare differentindices used in reporting findings, in order to determine the full potential and limitations of each. In international surveys,findings are normally expressed in terms of individual trees presenting a defoliation level greater than 2 %; this criterion,however, has been challenged since it is not based on scientificevidence. By analysing the distribution of defoliation values(grouped in 5% classes) relating to the main species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris, Picea abies), the study examines the behaviour of statistical indices such as the median, the mode and the mean. Instead of using the traditional 25% threshold to determine the part of the population with the highest defoliation values, a procedureis suggested whereby a different threshold can be determined foreach species. It is established based on the 90° percentile of cumulative defoliation values recorded over the four-year period. Each index used to report findings possessesits own information potential, and the findings may at times appear contradictory. The use of a combined defoliation and discoloration index (Ilce = Lacking Crown Equivalent Index) is also proposed, but the results obtained do not differin substance from the results relating to defoliation alone. Thefunctional limitations of this index are due mainly to the way the data are collected: for this reason suggestions are made onhow to improve the procedure in future surveys. 相似文献
94.
Lanzarini Natália Maria Marinho Mata Rafaela Mendes Saggioro Enrico Costa Moreira Josino Ferreira Mannarino Camille Pereira Miagostovich Marize 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(3):209-217
Food and Environmental Virology - Leachate from solid waste landfill is a dark liquid of variable composition and possible source of contamination of groundwater and surface waters. This study aims... 相似文献
95.
Mauro De Marchis Giuseppe Ciraolo Carmelo Nasello Enrico Napoli 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2012,12(1):81-100
The hydrodynamic circulation is analyzed in the coastal lagoon of Stagnone di Marsala, a natural reserve located in the north-western part of Sicily, using both experimental measurements and numerical simulations.
Field measurements of velocities and water levels, carried out using an ultrasound sensor (3D), are used to validate the numerical
model. A 3D finite-volume model is used to solve the Reynolds-averaged momentum and mass balance differential equations on
a curvilinear structured grid, employing the k–e{\varepsilon} turbulence model for the Reynolds stresses. The numerical analysis allows to identify the relative contribution of the forces
affecting the hydrodynamic circulation inside the lagoon. In the simulations only wind and tide forces are considered, neglecting
the effects of water density changes. Two different conditions are considered. In the first both the wind stress over the
free-surface and the tidal motion are imposed. In the second the wind action is neglected, to separately analyze the tide-induced
circulation. The comparison between the two test cases highlights the fundamental role of the wind on the hydrodynamics of
the Stagnone lagoon, producing a strong vertical recirculation pattern that is not observed when the flow is driven by tides
only. 相似文献
96.
The fine link between a particular dive pattern and a specific prey item represents a challenging task in the analysis of
marine predator–prey relationships. There is growing evidence that prey type affects diving seabirds’ foraging strategies,
dive shapes and underwater activity costs. This study investigates whether a generalist diver, the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, modifies the time budget allocated to prey-capture behaviour and breathing strategies (reactive vs. anticipatory) with respect
to the prey type (pelagic vs. benthic). Video recordings of 91 Great Cormorants show how the ecology and behaviour of their
main prey, Mullets (Mugilidae) and Flounders Platichthys flesus, affect dive/surface durations and the diving pattern. The demersal habit and the low mobility of Flounders leads to an easy
access to prey with an anticipatory strategy. Moreover, the patchy distribution of this fish species increases prey-capture
rates. Conversely, Mullets exploit the whole water column and are highly mobile, and this is reflected in the need of performing
two sequential dives to capture a prey, both longer and likely more expensive, with a consequent switch of strategy from reactive
in the searching phase to anticipatory breathing during prey-capture events. This study provides evidence that a generalist
diver may switch between different foraging strategies, and it shows how each of them may be optimal under particular ecological
conditions. These constraints influence the dynamics that operate within the marine food chains and have relevant implications
in managing lagoon areas, including fish ponds. 相似文献
97.
98.
Daniela Cianelli Luciana Sabia Maurizio Ribera dAlcal Enrico Zambianchi 《Ecological modelling》2009,220(19):2380-2392
In marine ecosystems ecological and environmental conditions continuously change, possibly supporting the wide range of phytoplankton species coexisting in aquatic environments. Phytoplankton communities are not homogeneously distributed in the water column due to the spatial and temporal variability of turbulent mixing and the concurrent biological response. In this paper an individual-based model (Lagrangian method) simulating the basic physiology of two coexisting phytoplankton species has been developed. The species, sharing the same availability of light and nutrient resource, are characterized by different photo-physiological parameters. The spatial and temporal evolution of turbulent mixing is simulated introducing vertical profiles of measured eddy diffusivity. Three case studies have been examined to analyze the role of environment–individual interactions in determining bloom conditions for both the selected species. The organisms experience recurrent fluctuations of light, temperature, and nutrient concentration gradients, due to the turbulent mixing in the water column, which have significant effects on the growth of the phytoplankton species. In all the numerical experiments, the temporal and spatial variability of different forcings do not support the prevalence of one species over the other over the time scale typical of a phytoplankton bloom.A well mixed water column favours the growth of both the populations while a variable mixing regime limits their growth reducing the photophysiological differences between the species. 相似文献
99.
Bergamaschi Roberto Monti Maria Cristina Trivelli Leonardo Mallucci Giulia Gerosa Leonardo Pisoni Enrico Montomoli Cristina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(3):2804-2809
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Some environmental factors are associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Air pollution could be a main one. This study was... 相似文献
100.
Raffaella Meffe Claus Kohfahl Enrico Hamann Janek Greskowiak Gudrun Massmann Uwe Dünnbier Asaf Pekdeger 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):568-583
This article reports on a field modelling study to investigate the processes controlling the plume evolution of para-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA) in anoxic groundwater in Berlin, Germany. The organic contaminant p-TSA originates from the industrial production process of plasticisers, pesticides, antiseptics and drugs and is of general environmental concern for urban water management. Previous laboratory studies revealed that p-TSA is degradable under oxic conditions, whereas it appears to behave conservatively in the absence of oxygen (O2). p-TSA is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment of Berlin and present in high concentrations (up to 38 μg L?1) in an anoxic aquifer downgradient of a former sewage farm, where groundwater is partly used for drinking water production. To obtain refined knowledge of p-TSA transport and degradation in an aquifer at field scale, measurements of p-TSA were carried out at 11 locations (at different depths) between 2005 and 2010. Comparison of chloride (Cl?) and p-TSA field data showed that p-TSA has been retarded in the same manner as Cl?. To verify the transport behaviour under field conditions, a two-dimensional transport model was setup, applying the dual-domain mass transfer approach in the model sector corresponding to an area of high aquifer heterogeneity. The distribution of Cl? and p-TSA concentrations from the site was reproduced well, confirming that both compounds behave conservatively and are subjected to retardation due to back diffusion from water stagnant zones. Predictive simulations showed that without any remediation measures, the groundwater quality near the drinking water well galleries will be affected by high p-TSA loads for about a hundred years. 相似文献